Chemistry is a physical science concerned with what matter consists of, what its properties are, and how it behaves. The scientists and technicians who do chemical research focus on the different kinds of atoms, how they interact and bond with one another, and how they interact with energy. Chemistry is an important subject in high school and postsecondary school because it provides many insights into the processes that sustain life and health in plants and animals. Studying chemistry also contributes to understanding of other physical sciences, such as geology, and to the knowledge base needed for careers in many industries.

Chemistry is a popular college major. Many colleges and universities currently offer bachelor's degree programs approved by the American Chemical Society (ACS), and many of the graduates of these programs are awarded a bachelor's in a physical science. The ACS also approves master's degree programs and doctoral programs.

Chemistry grew out of an older field known as alchemy, which attempted to develop techniques for transmuting base metals into precious metals such as gold, or for creating an elixir of life that would restore youth and confer longevity. Modern research and development in the field of chemistry pursue much more diverse goals, making vital contributions to the United States economy. Chemical discoveries help solve problems in diagnosing and treating disease, cleaning up the environment, generating and conserving energy, inventing new materials for manufacturers, sustaining agriculture and food production, solving crimes, and defending the nation. Chemical research and development are responsible for about 20 percent of U.S. patents.

The United States leads the world in chemistry research, publishing more technical articles on the subject than any other single nation. When chemistry researchers worldwide cite publications in their field, roughly half the papers they footnote are the work of American chemist...